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xueersi 学而思网校

函数图象上点的存在性问题中的距离
与面积 (常考知识点精析)

板块一 探索抛物线上的点存在性之距离

一、二次函数与线段定值

探索:用距离来刻画动点的位置

【探索 1】

抛物线 y = -x^2 - 2x + 3 x 轴交于点 A B (点 A 在点 B 右侧), 与 y 轴交于点 C , 设抛物线的对称轴与 x 轴交于点 M , 问在对称轴上是否存在点 P , 使 \triangle CMP 为等腰三角形? 若存在, 请求出所有符合条件的点 P 的坐标; 若不存在, 请说明理由。

Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. The vertex is labeled D. The axis of symmetry intersects the x-axis at M. O is the origin.
Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. The vertex is labeled D. The axis of symmetry intersects the x-axis at M. O is the origin.

【探索 2】

抛物线 y = -x^2 - 2x + 3 x 轴交于点 A B (点 A 在点 B 右侧), 与 y 轴交于点 C , 点 P 为抛物线上一动点, 若点 P 到直线 y=x 的距离为 \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} , 求点 P 的坐标。

Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. A straight line passing through the origin O is also shown.
Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. A straight line passing through the origin O is also shown.

【探索 3】

抛物线 y = -x^2 - 2x + 3 x 轴交于点 A B (点 A 在点 B 右侧), 与 y 轴交于点 C , 点 P 为抛物线上一动点, 若点 P 到对称轴和 y 轴的距离相等, 求 P 点坐标。

Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. The axis of symmetry (x=-1) is shown, along with a vertical line at x=-1/2, representing the locus of points equidistant from the axis of symmetry and the y-axis.
Graph showing a downward-opening parabola intersecting the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. The axis of symmetry (x=-1) is shown, along with a vertical line at x=-1/2, representing the locus of points equidistant from the axis of symmetry and the y-axis.