Benchmarks

JAMA Network Open | Public Health

US Consumer Views on Using Digital Data for COVID-19 Control

Table 3. Factor Analysis for COVID-19 Public Health Digital Data Use Scenarios ^a

Factor	Coefficient (95% CI) a	P value
Political ideology
Liberal	1 [Reference]	NA
Moderate	-0.52 (-0.67 to -0.38)	<.001
Conservative	-0.81 (-0.96 to -0.66)	<.001
Race
White	1 [Reference]	NA
Black	0.22 (0.12 to 0.32)	<.001
Other b	0.53 (0.36 to 0.70)	<.001
≥2 Races	0.24 (0.01 to 0.47)	.04
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	1 [Reference]	NA
Hispanic	0.38 (0.28 to 0.48)	<.001
Household income, $
≤24 999	1 [Reference]	NA
25 000-49 999	-0.04 (-0.17 to 0.10)	.61
50 000-99 999	-0.23 (-0.35 to -0.11)	<.001
≥100 000	-0.09 (-0.22 to 0.03)	.14
Region
Northeast	1 [Reference]	NA
Midwest	-0.06 (-0.21 to 0.09)	.41
South	0.00 (-0.15 to 0.15)	.99
West	0.00 (-0.15 to 0.15)	.98
Age, y
18-29	1 [Reference]	NA
30-44	0.07 (-0.06 to 0.19)	.30
45-59	0.03 (-0.09 to 0.15)	.65
≥60	0.13 (0.01 to 0.25)	.03
Family history of COVID-19
Yes	1 [Reference]	NA
No	0.00 (-0.25 to 0.25)	.99
COVID-19 incidence rate
Quartile 1	1 [Reference]	NA
Quartile 2	-0.08 (-0.21 to 0.05)	.22
Quartile 3	-0.18 (-0.32 to -0.04)	.01
Quartile 4	-0.02 (-0.16 to 0.13)	.80
Residence type
Nonmetropolitan	1 [Reference]	NA
Metropolitan	0.13 (0.00 to 0.25)	.05
Framing
Individual level	1 [Reference]	NA
Population level	-0.08 (-0.21 to 0.05)	.21
Factor main effects
Social media scenarios	1 [Reference]	NA
Smart thermometer scenarios	0.09 (0.03 to 0.16)	.004
Smartphone scenarios	0.29 (0.23 to 0.35)	<.001
Interaction terms
Population-level framing × political ideology
Liberal	1 [Reference]	NA
Moderate	0.21 (0.02 to 0.39)	.03
Conservative	0.09 (-0.11 to 0.29)	.38

(continued)

JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(5):e2110918. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10918

May 19, 2021 9/15

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