Benchmarks

(a) Prepared States and Received States.

Four rows of intensity profiles are shown, corresponding to OAM states $|\backslash ell\; =\; 0\backslash rangle$ , $|\backslash ell\; =\; 1\backslash rangle$ , $|\backslash ell\; =\; 2\backslash rangle$ , and $|\backslash ell\; =\; 3\backslash rangle$ . Each row displays the prepared state (left column) and five examples of received states (right columns) resulting from the interaction.

(b)

A heatmap showing the joint probability distribution of OAM states between Alice (y-axis, values -3 to 3) and Bob (x-axis, values -3 to 3). The color scale ranges from 0 (dark color) to 0.3 (yellow).

(c)

A plot of Efficiency (y-axis) versus OAM (x-axis, values -3 to 3). The graph compares Theoretical prediction (marked with 'x') and Experimental data (marked with circles and error bars). Theoretical predictions are consistently higher than experimental data.